Doctors, hospitals and public health departments are scrambling to ensure proper care for pregnant women and their babies following a controversial vote from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advisers that reversed decades of standard medical practice giving newborns the hepatitis B vaccine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cWe don\u2019t really know just yet how individual hospitals and clinicians will handle this,\u201d said Dr. Brenna Hughes, interim chair of the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina. \u201cIt\u2019s creating fear and distrust.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Last Friday, the CDC’s vaccine panel advised that only babies born to women who test positive for hepatitis B should get the first dose within 24 hours of delivery. The decision rolled back decades-long guidance that all newborns should be protected against the lifelong, incurable infection that can lead to liver disease and cancer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Many babies in the U.S., however, are born to women who never have the chance to be tested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A March of Dimes report published in November found that nearly a quarter of pregnant women aren\u2019t under a doctor\u2019s care during their first trimester, when most women are tested for hepatitis B.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Steven Fleishman, president of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, said the hepatitis B vaccine given to newborns acts as a safety net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cIf there is someone who gets exposed to hepatitis B later in pregnancy, or develops an infection later on,\u201d Fleishman said, \u201cthe baby is protected by that vaccine.\u201d The virus can pass from mom to baby during delivery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
As of Tuesday, acting CDC director Jim O\u2019Neill hadn\u2019t yet signed off on the committee\u2019s recommendation. The agency isn\u2019t required to follow the panel\u2019s advice, but usually does.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The CDC doesn’t mandate vaccination. It recommends a schedule for children to be protected against infectious diseases. The vaccine panel regularly reviews data and makes changes to the schedule based on guidance by doctors or scientists with expertise in the subject matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
But experts said the advisory panel, stacked with members handpicked in June by Health Sec. Robert F. Kennedy Jr., failed to provide the kind of scientific evidence historically associated with the CDC to back up its reasoning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The group \u201chas not followed the standard and transparent process that had made the advisory committee a bastion of good evidence-based decision making,\u201d said Dr. Jason Goldman, an internal medicine doctor and president of the American College of Physicians. \u201cTheir information and decisions cannot be trusted.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The panel recommended that women who test negative for hepatitis B can decide in consultation with a health care provider whether their baby should get the birth dose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The panel\u2019s vote to hold off the hepatitis B vaccine for babies until at least 2 months of age for the first dose if the vaccine is not given at birth was totally out of line with decades of evidence proving the shot\u2019s safety and effectiveness, experts say. The birth dose, implemented for all babies in the early 1990s, has driven down cases of acute hepatitis B infections in children by 99%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
During a call with reporters Tuesday, Dr. Aaron Milstone, a pediatrician at Johns Hopkins Medicine and member of the American Academy of Pediatrics\u2019 committee on infectious diseases, said the fallout is \u201cchaos and confusion\u201d among public health experts trying to counsel clinicians on best practices, as well as doctors in exam rooms faced with worried parents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cMany physicians are working across our country in fear that doing the best thing for their patient is now at odds with information coming from what were previously trusted resources,\u201d Dr. Sarah Nosal, president of the American Academy of Family Physicians, said during the same call.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cIf you have to spend 20 minutes explaining that vaccines, yes, in fact, are safe,\u201d said Dr. Kevin Schulman, professor of medicine at Stanford Medicine, \u201cthen we\u2019re not spending 20 minutes making sure the baby\u2019s on the growth curve, that you\u2019re wearing seat belts, that you\u2019re using car seats appropriately.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Anna Lok, director of clinical hepatology and assistant dean for clinical research at the University of Michigan Medical School, said the change in guidance adds barriers for parents, especially in a chaotic delivery room.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cIt\u2019s just telling the parents, we\u2019re going to make you climb to Mount Everest in order to get your baby vaccinated,\u201d Lok said. \u201cBecause every single step, every hurdle, is just making sure that something that should be done, doesn\u2019t get done.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dr. Rashmi Roa, an OB-GYN who specializes in high-risk pregnancies at UCLA Health, said nothing has changed from a medical standpoint. \u201cOur recommendations will stay the same.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Some states are bypassing federal recommendations and instead joining forces to establish their own guidance. Dr. Naima Joseph, an OB-GYN at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, said that health officials in Massachusetts and other states have formed the Northeast Public Health Collaborative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cWe have already made recommendations regarding universal birth dose hepatitis B vaccine that continues to ensure access\u201d to newborns, she said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The measured approach isn\u2019t expected nationwide, said Joe Zamboni, a lawyer for the nonprofit American Families for Vaccines. \u201cI think some states will probably do it better than others,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
One state that worries public health experts is Florida. The state\u2019s surgeon general, Joseph Ladapo, said in September that Florida is working to eliminate all vaccine requirements for children to attend school.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The Florida Department of Health has scheduled a meeting for this Friday, Dec. 12, to discuss those requirements. A department spokeswoman told NBC News via email that the meeting will be held in Panama City and will not be available to the public online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n