HELENA, Mont. \u2014 A quote from Wyoming\u2019s governor and a local prosecutor were the first things that seemed slightly off to Powell Tribune reporter CJ Baker. Then, it was some of the phrases in the stories that struck him as nearly robotic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
The dead giveaway, though, that a reporter from a competing news outlet was using generative artificial intelligence to help write his stories came in a June 26 article about the comedian Larry the Cable Guy being chosen as the grand marshal of the Cody Stampede Parade.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cThe 2024 Cody Stampede Parade promises to be an unforgettable celebration of American independence, led by one of comedy\u2019s most beloved figures,\u201d the Cody Enterprise<\/a> reported. \u201cThis structure ensures that the most critical information is presented first, making it easier for readers to grasp the main points quickly.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n After doing some digging, Baker, who has been a reporter for more than 15 years, met with Aaron Pelczar, a 40-year-old who was new to journalism and who Baker says admitted that he had used AI in his stories before he resigned from the Enterprise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The publisher and editor at the Enterprise, which was co-founded in 1899 by Buffalo Bill Cody, have since apologized and vowed to take steps to ensure it never happens again. In an editorial<\/a> published Monday, Enterprise Editor Chris Bacon said he \u201cfailed to catch\u201d the AI copy and false quotes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIt matters not that the false quotes were the apparent error of a hurried rookie reporter that trusted AI. It was my job,\u201d Bacon wrote. He apologized that \u201cAI was allowed to put words that were never spoken into stories.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Journalists<\/a> have derailed their careers<\/a> by making up quotes<\/a> or facts in stories long before AI came about. But this latest scandal illustrates the potential pitfalls<\/a> and dangers<\/a> that AI poses to many industries, including journalism, as chatbots can spit out spurious if somewhat plausible articles with only a few prompts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n AI has found a role in journalism, including in the automation of certain tasks. Some newsrooms, including The Associated Press, use AI to free up reporters for more impactful work, but most AP staff are not allowed to use generative AI to create publishable content.<\/p>\n\n\n\n The AP has been using technology to assist in articles about financial earnings reports since 2014, and more recently for some sports stories. It is also experimenting with an AI tool to translate some stories from English to Spanish. At the end of each such story is a note that explains technology\u2019s role in its production.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Being upfront about how and when AI is used has proven important. Sports Illustrated was criticized<\/a> last year for publishing AI-generated online product reviews that were presented as having been written by reporters who didn\u2019t actually exist. After the story broke, SI said it was firing the company that produced the articles for its website, but the incident damaged the once-powerful publication\u2019s reputation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n In his Powell Tribune story breaking the news about Pelczar\u2019s use of AI in articles, Baker wrote that he had an uncomfortable but cordial meeting with Pelczar and Bacon. During the meeting, Pelczar said, \u201cObviously I\u2019ve never intentionally tried to misquote anybody\u201d and promised to \u201ccorrect them and issue apologies and say they are misstatements,\u201d Baker wrote, noting that Pelczar insisted his mistakes shouldn\u2019t reflect on his Cody Enterprise editors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n After the meeting, the Enterprise launched a full review of all of the stories Pelczar had written for the paper in the two months he had worked there. They have discovered seven stories that included AI-generated quotes from six people, Bacon said Tuesday. He is still reviewing other stories.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThey\u2019re very believable quotes,\u201d Bacon said, noting that the people he spoke to during his review of Pelczar\u2019s articles said the quotes sounded like something they\u2019d say, but that they never actually talked to Pelczar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baker reported that seven people told him that they had been quoted in stories written by Pelczar, but had not spoken to him.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pelczar did not respond to an AP phone message left at a number listed as his asking to discuss what happened. Bacon said Pelczar declined to discuss the matter with another Wyoming newspaper that had reached out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baker, who regularly reads the Enterprise because it\u2019s a competitor, told the AP that a combination of phrases and quotes in Pelczar\u2019s stories aroused his suspicions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pelczar\u2019s story about a shooting in Yellowstone National Park included the sentence: \u201cThis incident serves as a stark reminder of the unpredictable nature of human behavior, even in the most serene settings.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Baker said the line sounded like the summaries of his stories that a certain chatbot seems to generate, in that it tacks on some kind of a \u201clife lesson\u201d at the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Another story \u2014 about a poaching sentencing \u2014 included quotes from a wildlife official and a prosecutor that sounded like they came from a news release, Baker said. However, there wasn\u2019t a news release and the agencies involved didn\u2019t know where the quotes had come from, he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Two of the questioned stories included fake quotes from Wyoming Gov. Mark Gordon that his staff only learned about when Baker called them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cIn one case, (Pelczar) wrote a story about a new OSHA rule that included a quote from the Governor that was entirely fabricated,\u201d Michael Pearlman, a spokesperson for the governor, said in an email. \u201cIn a second case, he appeared to fabricate a portion of a quote, and then combined it with a portion of a quote that was included in a news release announcing the new director of our Wyoming Game and Fish Department.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The most obvious AI-generated copy appeared in the story about Larry the Cable Guy that ended with the explanation of the inverted pyramid, the basic approach to writing a breaking news story.<\/p>\n\n\n\n It\u2019s not difficult to create AI stories. Users could put a criminal affidavit into an AI program and ask it to write an article about the case including quotes from local officials, said Alex Mahadevan, director of a digital media literacy project at the Poynter Institute, the preeminent journalism think tank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThese generative AI chatbots are programmed to give you an answer, no matter whether that answer is complete garbage or not,\u201d Mahadevan said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Megan Barton, the Cody Enterprise\u2019s publisher, wrote an editorial calling AI \u201cthe new, advanced form of plagiarism and in the field of media and writing, plagiarism is something every media outlet has had to correct at some point or another. It\u2019s the ugly part of the job. But, a company willing to right (or quite literally write) these wrongs is a reputable one.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Barton wrote that the newspaper has learned its lesson, has a system in place to recognize AI-generated stories and will \u201chave longer conversations about how AI-generated stories are not acceptable.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n The Enterprise didn\u2019t have an AI policy, in part because it seemed obvious that journalists shouldn\u2019t use it to write stories, Bacon said. Poynter has a template<\/a> from which news outlets can build their own AI policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bacon plans to have one in place by the end of the week.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u201cThis will be a pre-employment topic of discussion,\u201d he said.<\/p>\n\n\n\n