Many Americans who serve as caregivers are consumed by the immense cost of tending to ailing or aging family members.
And as the baby boomer generation ages, more Americans are in for a rude awakening as to just how expensive caring for older adults has become.
The price of nursing home care increased by an average of 2.4 percent each year between 2012 and 2019, for a cumulative increase of 20.7 percent, according to data from the health research group Altarum Institute.
That stems from multiple sources, including personnel costs and the price of adhering to facility regulations, said Terry Fulmer, president of the John A. Hartford Foundation, a nonprofit that works to improve the lives of older adults.
But the cost of care has primarily shot up due to increased demand in adult day cares, assisted living facilities or nursing homes.
Jean Spera, 67, has been a full-time caretaker for her husband, John, since 2011, when his health started to rapidly deteriorate without any clear cause.
For years, she managed to take care of John in their Holliston, Mass., home without any outside help, even as he became more fragile and confused.
But everything changed when John had a seizure in the middle of their kitchen. After a three-day hospital stay, John\u2019s doctors recommended that he go to a rehab center housed in a nursing home.
\u201cI was overwhelmed, I wasn\u2019t able to bring him home because I didn\u2019t know how I was physically going to take care of someone who was twice my size and on our limited income,\u201d said Spera.
Shortly after John became sick, Spera quit her job at a nursing home to take care of him. Eventually, she picked up part-time work to help cover some smaller costs like groceries. She had to dip into the couple\u2019s $235,000 retirement savings to make ends meet.
But those funds went quickly after she stopped working full-time. \u201cIt took us 15 years to save that, and it was gone in six,\u201d she said.
Spera brought John home after five months in rehab, mainly for financial reasons.
Luckily, the couple\u2019s primary and supplemental health insurance, MassHealth and Tufts Health Plan, covered some of John\u2019s stay, but not all of it. And paying out of pocket for more time in the rehab center was not something they could afford.
\u201cI would have had to sell my home and go live in a box somewhere,\u201d she said.
In the end, the pair was slapped with a $10,000 bill for John\u2019s five-month stay.
The median cost to stay in a private room in a nursing home in the U.S. is $9,034 a month, according to 2021 data from life insurance company Genworth Financial.
That same year the median cost to stay in a semi-private room in a nursing home was $7,908 a month and the price to stay in an assisted living facility was $4,500 per month, according to the company.
But, of course, those prices vary by state.
In Massachusetts, for example, the median cost of a private nursing home is $15,208 per month, while a semi-private nursing home is $14,265 per month and $8,462 per month to stay in an assisted living facility, according to the AARP long-term care cost calculator.
There were roughly 1.3\u2002million people living in a nursing home in 2017, according to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Another 251,000 people were enrolled in an adult day care program in 2018, and 918,700 people lived in a residential community that year as well, according to a 2022 report from the National Center for Health Statistics.
One 2021 analysis found that 83 percent of households with a retiree need some level of care, according to the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College.
Of those households, 22 percent will need \u201cminimal levels of care\u201d like help with groceries, cooking and finances. Another 38 percent will have moderate needs, and 24 percent will have severe care needs \u2014 or around-the-clock care for several years, according to\u2002a brief from the center.
Even for the quarter of adults who require round-the-clock care, half of those care hours are provided by family members, a spokesperson for the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College clarified.
And many baby boomers do not have enough retirement savings to cover the cost of living in good health, let alone in poor.
More than two-fifths of baby boomers don\u2019t have any retirement savings, according to a survey of 2020 Census data.
Without savings, most retired adults will need to rely solely on income they receive through Social Security because Medicare, the federal health insurance policy for adults 65 and older, does not cover nursing home or assisted living facility stays.
The average retired worker receives a monthly Social Security check of $1,782 per month upon retirement at age 65, according to the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities.
To prepare for the high cost of care, Angie Chen from the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College recommends that working-age adults of means set aside a portion of their retirement savings for long-term care costs.
But since most Americans can\u2019t even save enough money to enjoy the same standard of living in retirement as they did during their working years, asking people to set aside hundreds of thousands of dollars for their potential long-term care is \u201cnot really reasonable,\u201d Chen said.
Instead, she said, there should be more programs available to cover the cost of nursing home or assisted living expenses. One state that has already implemented a program to address this is Washington.
Under the Washington Cares payroll tax, which took effect this summer, qualifying residents can receive up to $36,500 to help cover the cost of long-term care services and support.
But while that legislation is a big help for older Americans who need some care, it won\u2019t provide enough financial support for those that need years\u2019 worth of around-the-clock care, Chen said.
Chen added that some older adults could turn to Medicaid as a last resort, but that also isn\u2019t really a viable option.
\u201cWe don\u2019t really have a great solution,\u201d Chen said.
To help the nation\u2019s growing aging population, more services and support should be offered to family caregivers like those outlined in 2022 National Strategy to Support Family Caregivers, which the John A. Hartford Foundation helped craft, according to Fulmer. <\/p>\n\n\n\n